Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. The main features of PCOS are irregular menstrual periods, excess androgen (male hormone) levels, and the development of small cysts on the ovaries.
The exact cause of PCOS is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some of the key features of PCOS include:
- Irregular menstrual periods: Women with PCOS may have infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods, or they may not have periods at all.
- Excess androgen levels: Women with PCOS have higher than normal levels of androgens, which can cause acne, hirsutism (excess hair growth on the face, chest, and stomach), and male-pattern baldness.
- Polycystic ovaries: Women with PCOS have ovaries that contain multiple small cysts. These cysts are actually small, immature follicles that never mature and release an egg.
- Insulin resistance: Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance, which means that their cells don’t respond to insulin as well as they should. This can lead to an increase in insulin levels, which can cause the ovaries to produce more androgens.
- Weight gain and difficulty losing weight
PCOS can also increase the risk of certain health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease and endometrial cancer. Symptoms can vary widely and different women may experience different symptoms, or may not have any symptoms at all. Treatment for PCOS typically involves a combination of lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, to manage symptoms, as well as medications to regulate menstrual periods and reduce androgen levels. It is important to consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment, if you suspect you have PCOS or have some of the above symptoms.
How is PCOS treated?
Treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) depends on the specific symptoms and concerns of each woman, but typically involves a combination of lifestyle changes and medications.
Lifestyle changes:
- Weight loss: Losing even a small amount of weight can help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce androgen levels in women who are overweight or obese.
- Diet: Eating a healthy diet that is low in refined carbohydrates, added sugars, and saturated fat can help improve insulin resistance, which is common in women with PCOS.
- Exercise: Regular physical activity can help improve insulin sensitivity and lower androgen levels.
- Stress management: Stress can worsen symptoms of PCOS, so it’s important to find ways to relax and manage stress.
Medications:
- Oral contraceptives: birth control pills can regulate menstrual periods, reduce androgen levels, and improve acne.
- Metformin: A medication used to treat diabetes, metformin can help improve insulin resistance and lower androgen levels.
- Clomiphene citrate: Medication to stimulate ovulation which is often used to help women with PCOS become pregnant.
- Gonadotropin: Medication that can be used to stimulate ovulation in women who do not respond to clomiphene citrate.
- Anti-androgens: Medication that can reduce the levels of androgens in the body, which can help improve symptoms such as hirsutism and acne.
It is important to note that everyone’s body will react differently to different treatment options and what works for one person may not work for another. It is important to work closely with your healthcare provider to develop an individualized treatment plan that addresses your specific symptoms and concerns. They will be able to guide you through the best options and adjust it as needed based on the results.
What is the best diet for someone with PCOS?
The best diet for someone with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one that is designed to improve insulin sensitivity, promote weight loss (if needed), and provide necessary nutrients. Here are some general guidelines that may be helpful:
- Lower carbohydrate intake: A diet that is low in refined carbohydrates, added sugars, and processed foods can help improve insulin sensitivity and reduce androgen levels. This may include reducing your intake of foods such as white bread, pasta, and sugary treats, and increasing your intake of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
- Increase fiber intake: Eating a diet that is high in fiber can help improve insulin sensitivity and promote weight loss. You can increase your fiber intake by eating more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts.
- Include healthy fats: Good sources of healthy fats include olive oil, avocado, nuts and seeds. These can help improve insulin sensitivity and reduce inflammation.
- Include a good amount of protein: Eating a diet that is high in protein can help promote weight loss, reduce appetite, and improve blood sugar control. Good sources of protein include lean meats, fish, poultry, eggs, and dairy products.
- Limit processed food: Processed foods are often high in added sugars and unhealthy fats, which can worsen symptoms of PCOS. It’s best to avoid them as much as possible.
It’s important to note that everyone’s nutritional needs are different and it is always best to consult with a registered dietitian or a nutritionist for personalized advice and meal planning for PCOS. It is also important to find a diet that is sustainable for long term and that you enjoy as well.
In addition to dietary changes, regular physical activity, managing stress and maintaining a healthy weight are all important steps in managing PCOS. It’s also essential to maintain a close relationship with your healthcare provider to monitor your progress and make adjustments as needed.
If you need help managing your PCOS, click here to make a booking with Dr Adè.